Apache Cordova (better known as PhoneGap) is a set of device APIs that allow a mobile app developer to access native device function that include the accelerometer, or camera from JavaScript. Combined with a UI framework such as jQuery Mobile or Dojo Mobile or Sencha Touch, this allows a smartphone app to be developed with just HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
As this relates to Windows Apps there was an initial and deliberate push toward WinJS (not sure of the success) that runs counter to this initiative. The promise of WinJS was that you could pull in your web app with little code changes as a fully first class Windows app.
In hindsight I have to say the idea of folding in an open source project of this magnitude into Visual Studio with direct hooks into other app stores is a much more compelling option.
If you love the bleeding edge you can download the CTP here, also download the samples here:
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